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    What does salt do? The science of gritting

09:00
23 December 2022

What does salt do?
The science of gritting

gritter

Contrary to popular belief, salt does not stop snow from settling, so what exactly does it do?

Although we often refer to it as gritting, there is usually little grit involved, and instead mined rock salt is used. Salting the roads is primarily a preventative technique, and works most effectively via three main methods:

  • Salt lowers the freezing point of water. Water freezes at 0C but the presence of the salt prevents water from freezing until -6C to -8C.
  • It stops snow bonding as ice to the road, so can be ploughed away more easily.
  • Can also be added post-snow to small depths of lying snow (up to around 4cm) to help dissolve and melt it away.

Salt is most commonly used because it is what we call hygroscopic. It acts like a magnet by drawing in and absorbing moisture from the air and the road surface, to the granules.

If the air is too dry, or it hasn't rained recently, salt can be pre-wetted. It also needs a flow of traffic to be worked into the road properly.

Salt can also be ineffective at particularly low temperatures, so if you live somewhere like the Scottish Highlands, then it's likely that a mix of salt and grit will be used.

Other alternatives aside from salt include molasses, although depending on where you live, can often get licked up by sheep, which is a road hazard in itself!

Each year new names are unveiled for council's gritter lorries, with this year featuring David Plowie, Salt Disney, Sled Zeppelin and Sleetwood Mac.

Weather & Radar editorial team
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